{"id":39800,"date":"2019-02-05T10:13:56","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T09:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.yuveo.eu\/lexikon\/obesity-permagna\/"},"modified":"2025-08-21T15:11:50","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T13:11:50","slug":"obesity-permagna","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/lexikon\/obesity-permagna\/","title":{"rendered":"Obesity (permagna)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"inhalt\">\n<h2>What is obesity?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Obesity<\/strong> (Latin) is <strong>obesity<\/strong>, i.e. a <strong>pathological eating disorder<\/strong> resulting in excess weight. Obesity occurs when there is a positive energy balance, i.e. when energy intake exceeds energy consumption &#8211; in short, &#8216;too many calories and too little exercise&#8217;. <\/p>\n<h3>More words with the root &#8216;adipo&#8217;<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Plastic surgeons also use the adjective and refer to obese people as <strong>obese<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adiposalgia<\/strong> refers to pain in the fatty tissue. This often occurs with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/body\/lipedema-duesseldorf\/\">lipoedema<\/a>. In addition to lipoedema, obesity must also be differentiated from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/lexikon\/lipomatosis\/\">lipomatosis<\/a>.  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Adiposus<\/strong> means rich in fat, fatty and is contained, for example, in the word<strong>&#8216;corus adiposus buccae<\/strong>&#8216;. This so-called Bichat&#8217;s fat body, also known as <strong>a fat plug<\/strong>, makes up part of the cheek fat and can be reduced or even removed as part of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/head\/cheek-correction\/\">cheek correction<\/a> if it is too pronounced. <strong>Panniculus adiposus<\/strong> is the medical term for a fat belly (also known as a beer belly).  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Adipocytes<\/strong> are called fat cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Body mass index (=BMI) in relation to obesity<\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>BMI<\/strong> is calculated as follows: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/bilder\/1\/body-mass-index.gif\" alt=\"body mass index\" width=\"343\" height=\"75\"><\/p>\n<p>The body mass index clearly describes the extent of body weight:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Underweight under 18.5<\/li>\n<li>Normal weight: 18.5-24.9<\/li>\n<li>Overweight: from 25\n<ul>\n<li>25.0-29.9 Overweight = preadiposity<\/li>\n<li>30.0-34.9 Obesity grade I<\/li>\n<li>35.0-39.9 Obesity grade II<\/li>\n<li>from 40 Obesity grade III or <strong>obesity permagna<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Forms of obesity<\/h2>\n<p>Essentially, the following forms of obesity can be distinguished:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>generalized form <\/strong>is obesity of the entire body.<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>localized form <\/strong>, only certain regions are affected, which are often also gender-specific. These include the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/lexikon\/suction-of-saddlebags-duesseldorf\/\">saddlebags<\/a> of women and the beer belly of men. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Obesity permagna<\/strong> is the <strong>extreme form<\/strong> of obesity. The body mass index is over 40, i.e. a person 175 cm tall weighs at least 122.5 kg. <\/li>\n<li>A. dolorosa or lipedema<\/li>\n<li>Adipositas cordis is the term for fatty degeneration of the heart.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What risks and consequences can obesity have?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Elevated blood lipid levels<\/strong> (hyperlipoproteinemia) and elevated cholesterol levels, which additionally promote the following cardiovascular diseases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cardiovascular diseases:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>High blood pressure = hypertension<\/li>\n<li>Vascular diseases = arteriosclerosis\n<ul>\n<li>CHD = coronary heart disease; is an arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries that leads to a heart attack.<\/li>\n<li>Stroke = apoplexy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Heart failure = cardiac insufficiency<\/li>\n<li>Coagulation disorder in the sense of an increase in coagulation<\/li>\n<li>Thromboses, especially of the legs<\/li>\n<li>Embolisms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diabetes mellitus type II<\/strong> = non-congenital <strong>diabetes<\/strong> in adults<\/li>\n<li>The probability of developing <strong>cancer<\/strong> is significantly increased with obesity &#8211; in particular:\n<ul>\n<li>Pancreatic cancer<\/li>\n<li>Colon cancer (colon carcinoma)<\/li>\n<li>Rectal cancer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Breast cancer (breast carcinoma)<\/li>\n<li>Prostate cancer<\/li>\n<li>Stomach cancer<\/li>\n<li>Esophageal cancer (esophageal carcinoma)<\/li>\n<li>Kidney cancer<\/li>\n<li>Uterine cancer<\/li>\n<li>and much more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arthrosis<\/strong> (joint wear and tear), particularly of the large joints on the legs, occurs early on in A. due to overuse of the joints:\n<ul>\n<li>Osteoarthritis of the knee joint (gonarthrosis)<\/li>\n<li>Osteoarthritis of the hip joint (coxarthrosis)<\/li>\n<li>Spinal pain syndromes<\/li>\n<li>X-B adjustment in the knee joint (genu valgum) resulting in incorrect loading and thus worsening of the knee joint arthrosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Respiratory disorders<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Deteriorated respiratory function (dyspnea)<\/li>\n<li>Sleep apnea syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Asthma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Possibly in women due to increased production of androgens<strong>(male sex hormones<\/strong>):\n<ul>\n<li>Absence of menstruation (amenorrhea)<\/li>\n<li>Hair loss<\/li>\n<li>Acne<\/li>\n<li>Infertility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gallstone disease<\/strong> = cholecystolithiasis<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fatty liver<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Heartburn<\/strong> (reflux disease), hiatal hernia<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abdominal wall hernias<\/strong> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Gout<\/strong> (hyperuricemia)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Herniated discs<\/strong>, particularly due to incorrect loading in the lumbar spine.<\/li>\n<li>Increased complication rates during anesthesia, surgery and pregnancy<\/li>\n<li><strong>Softening of the skin<\/strong> and fungal infections in the folds of the body, especially in cases of extreme obesity with poor personal hygiene.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stretch marks<\/strong> (striae) on the skin<\/li>\n<li>Increased <strong>sweating<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Secondary <strong>depression<\/strong> and the resulting reactive frustration eating\n<ul>\n<li>Social isolation<\/li>\n<li>Inferiority complexes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discrimination<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Obesity in turn leads to <strong>a secondary lack of exercise<\/strong>, resulting in a further excess of energy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduced resilience<\/strong> and fitness<\/li>\n<li>Overall significant <strong>reduction in life expectancy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Overall severe <strong>reduction in quality of life<\/strong> with obesity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Facts and statistics<\/h2>\n<p>Here are some interesting facts and figures on obesity:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50% of German men and 35% of women are overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9).<\/li>\n<li>In Germany, 18% of men and 20% of women are obese.<\/li>\n<li>In Europe, the incidence of obesity has increased by 10%-40% in the years 1998-2008.<\/li>\n<li>Obesity is more common in men than in women.<\/li>\n<li>In most countries, 50% of the population is overweight or obese.<\/li>\n<li>In Europe, obesity and its associated diseases account for an estimated 7% of healthcare costs. This is comparable to the cost of all cancers. <\/li>\n<li>Sudden cardiac death occurs about 15 times more frequently in severely obese people than in people of normal weight.<\/li>\n<li>Gout occurs approx. 7 times more frequently with an overweight of 50%.<\/li>\n<li>Slight fatty degeneration of liver cells is found in 95% of overweight people. 35% have a fatty liver. <\/li>\n<li>Short-term, aggressive fast diets only have a long-term success rate of 0-40%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Treatment<\/h2>\n<p><strong> Treatment<\/strong> must be approached from several angles. On the one hand, it is important to treat the rare <strong>disease-related causes<\/strong> (e.g. Cushing&#8217;s syndrome, hypothyroidism, &#8230;) and the existing secondary diseases, and on the other hand to reduce weight. <\/p>\n<p>Even <strong>weight reductions<\/strong> of 10% can often significantly reduce the risk of the diseases described above. Therapy and monitoring must be carried out for a lifetime, as relapses into obesity are frequent. <\/p>\n<p><strong>The following points must be taken into account:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The aim is to achieve a negative energy balance:\n<ul>\n<li>Reduction of calorie intake by means of a diet: reduced amount of food and low-calorie diet<\/li>\n<li>Increasing calorie consumption: exercise therapy, sporting activity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The management of the psychosocial causes of obesity and the promotion of motivation are particularly important.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Surgical interventions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Particularly in the extreme form, corrective operations on the stomach (gastroplasty, <strong>gastric banding<\/strong>) have proven successful in curbing appetite and food intake in order to facilitate and accelerate weight reduction. Laparoscopic <strong>gastric band<\/strong> ing is the most widely used procedure today. <\/li>\n<li>After massive weight loss, there are often enormous amounts of <strong>excess skin<\/strong> and\/or <strong>residual fat deposits<\/strong> (e.g. abdominal fat apron), which can be corrected with further <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/body\/skin-tightening\/\">skin tightening<\/a> procedures. Such operations at Yuveo in D\u00fcsseldorf include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/body\/tummy-tuck\/\">tummy tucks<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/cup-correction\/buttocks-tightening\/\">buttock lifts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/body\/thigh-lift\/\">thigh lifts<\/a> and other procedures. If there is a lot of excess skin, a so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/op\/body\/bodylift\/\">body lift<\/a> can make sense, which involves a lot of effort in one procedure, but is less expensive overall in terms of the operation and aftercare.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obesity (Latin) is obesity, i.e. a pathological eating disorder resulting in excess weight. Obesity occurs when there is a positive energy balance, i.e. when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure &#8211; in short, &#8216;too many calories and too little exercise&#8217;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[124],"class_list":["post-39800","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry","encyclopedia-tag-adipositas"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/39800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yuveo.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=39800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}